[ { "id": "authors:4gs9g-dm322", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4gs9g-dm322", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160624-085036638", "type": "book_section", "title": "Observations of Loss-Cone Pitch Angle Distributions of Solar Energetic Particles", "book_title": "Outstanding Problems in Heliophysics: From Coronal Heating to the Edge of the Atmosphere", "author": [ { "family_name": "Leske", "given_name": "R. A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0156-2414", "clpid": "Leske-Richard-A" }, { "family_name": "Cummings", "given_name": "A. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3840-7696", "clpid": "Cummings-Alan-C" }, { "family_name": "Cohen", "given_name": "C. M. S.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0978-8127", "clpid": "Cohen-Christina-M-S" }, { "family_name": "Mewaldt", "given_name": "R. A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2178-9111", "clpid": "Mewaldt-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Labrador", "given_name": "A. W.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9178-5349", "clpid": "Labrador-Allan-W" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "E. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2010-5462", "clpid": "Stone-E-C" }, { "family_name": "Wiedenbeck", "given_name": "M. E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2825-3128", "clpid": "Wiedenbeck-Mark-E" }, { "family_name": "Christian", "given_name": "E. R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2134-3937", "clpid": "Christian-Eric-R" }, { "family_name": "von Rosenvinge", "given_name": "T. T.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7320-4141", "clpid": "von-Rosenvinge-Tycho-T" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hu", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Hu-Qiang" }, { "family_name": "Zank", "given_name": "Gary P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4642-6192", "clpid": "Zank-G-P" } ], "abstract": "Pitch angle distributions of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in interplanetary space sometimes exhibit a loss cone in which an incident beam of particles is partially mirrored; particles with large pitch angles are reflected while those with smaller pitch angles are not. Mirroring requires a magnetic field enhancement, but if the field strength is not large enough to turn around particles with the smallest pitch angles or if these particles scatter before reaching their more distant mirror points, a loss cone forms. Such distributions therefore provide information on the interplanetary environment far from the spacecraft. The Low Energy Telescopes onboard the twin STEREO spacecraft have detected loss-cone distributions in several SEP events. We present some of these and other interesting anisotropy observations, and discuss their implications for SEP transport. In particular, we find that the shapes of the pitch angle distributions generally vary with energy and species, with lower energy particles usually more anisotropic than higher energy particles. Comparison with theory may be used to determine the energy and rigidity dependences of the pitch angle diffusion coefficient.", "isbn": "978-1-58381-852-7", "publisher": "Astronomical Society of the Pacific", "place_of_publication": "San Francisco, CA", "publication_date": "2014", "pages": "117-122" }, { "id": "authors:988yf-5ws34", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "988yf-5ws34", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150506-151441545", "type": "book_section", "title": "The Energetic Trans-Iron Cosmic Ray Experiment (ENTICE)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Binns", "given_name": "W. R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6110-3407", "clpid": "Binns-Walter-R" }, { "family_name": "Adams", "given_name": "J. H., Jr.", "clpid": "Adams-J-H-Jr" }, { "family_name": "Barghouty", "given_name": "A. F.", "clpid": "Barghouty-A-F" }, { "family_name": "Christian", "given_name": "E. R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2134-3937", "clpid": "Christian-Eric-R" }, { "family_name": "Cummings", "given_name": "A. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3840-7696", "clpid": "Cummings-Alan-C" }, { "family_name": "Hams", "given_name": "T.", "clpid": "Hams-T" }, { "family_name": "Israel", "given_name": "M. H.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8104-208X", "clpid": "Israel-Martin-H" }, { "family_name": "Labrador", "given_name": "A. W.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9178-5349", "clpid": "Labrador-Allan-W" }, { "family_name": "Leske", "given_name": "R. A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0156-2414", "clpid": "Leske-Richard-A" }, { "family_name": "Link", "given_name": "J. T.", "clpid": "Link-J-T" }, { "family_name": "Mewaldt", "given_name": "R. A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2178-9111", "clpid": "Mewaldt-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Mitchell", "given_name": "J. W.", "clpid": "Mitchell-J-W" }, { "family_name": "de Nolfo", "given_name": "G. A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3677-074X", "clpid": "de-Nolfo-Georgia-A" }, { "family_name": "Sasaki", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sasaki-M" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "E. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2010-5462", "clpid": "Stone-E-C" }, { "family_name": "Waddington", "given_name": "C. J.", "clpid": "Waddington-Cecil-J" }, { "family_name": "Wiedenbeck", "given_name": "M. E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2825-3128", "clpid": "Wiedenbeck-Mark-E" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Szabelski", "given_name": "Jacek", "clpid": "Szabelski-Jacek" }, { "family_name": "Giller", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Giller-M" } ], "abstract": "The ENTICE experiment is one of two instruments\nthat comprise the \"Orbiting Astrophysical Spectrometer in Space (OASIS)\", which is presently undergoing a NASA \"Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept Study\". ENTICE is designed to make high precision measurements of the abundances of individual elements from neon through the actinides and, in addition, will search for possible superheavy nuclei in the galactic cosmic rays. The ENTICE instrument utilizes silicon detectors, aerogel and acrylic\nChercnkov counters, and a scintillating optical fiber\nhodoscope to measure the charge and energy of these ultra-heavy nuclei for energies greater than 0.5\nGeV/nucleon. It is a large instrnment consisting of\nfour modules with a total effective geometrical factor\nof ~20 m^2sr. Measurements made in space for a period of three years with ENTICE will enable us to determine if cosmic rays include a component of recently synthesized transuranic elements _(94)Pu and _(96)Cm, to measure the age of that component, and to test the model of the OB association origin of galactic cosmic rays. Additionally, these observations will enable us to study how diffusive shock acceleration of cosmic rays operates differently on interstellar grains and gas.", "publisher": "Department of High Energy Physics, University of Lodz", "publication_date": "2009-07" }, { "id": "authors:c34hd-q8197", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c34hd-q8197", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150618-085648170", "type": "book_section", "title": "Identifying Galactic Cosmic Ray Origins with Super-TIGER", "author": [ { "family_name": "de Nolfo", "given_name": "G. A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3677-074X", "clpid": "de-Nolfo-Georgia-A" }, { "family_name": "Binns", "given_name": "W. R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6110-3407", "clpid": "Binns-Walter-R" }, { "family_name": "Israel", "given_name": "M. H.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8104-208X", "clpid": "Israel-Martin-H" }, { "family_name": "Christian", "given_name": "E. R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2134-3937", "clpid": "Christian-Eric-R" }, { "family_name": "Mitchell", "given_name": "J. W.", "clpid": "Mitchell-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Hams", "given_name": "T.", "clpid": "Hams-T" }, { "family_name": "Link", "given_name": "J. T.", "clpid": "Link-J-T" }, { "family_name": "Sasaki", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sasaki-M" }, { "family_name": "Labrador", "given_name": "A. W.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9178-5349", "clpid": "Labrador-Allan-W" }, { "family_name": "Mewaldt", "given_name": "R. A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2178-9111", "clpid": "Mewaldt-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "E. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2010-5462", "clpid": "Stone-E-C" }, { "family_name": "Waddington", "given_name": "C. J.", "clpid": "Waddington-Cecil-J" }, { "family_name": "Wiedenbeck", "given_name": "M. E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2825-3128", "clpid": "Wiedenbeck-Mark-E" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Szabelski", "given_name": "Jacek", "clpid": "Szabelski-Jacek" }, { "family_name": "Giller", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Giller-M" } ], "abstract": "Super-TIGER (Super Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder) is a new long-duration balloon-borne instrument designed to test and clarify an emerging model of cosmic-ray origins and models for atomic processes by which nuclei are selected\nfor acceleration. A sensitive test of the origin of cosmic rays is the measurement of ultra heavy elemental abundances (Z 2\". 30). Super-TIGER is a large-area (5 m2) instrument designed to measure the abundances of elements in the interval 30 :<; Z:<; 42 with individual-element resolution and high statistical precision, and make exploratory measurements through Z=60. It will also measure with high\nstatistical accuracy the energy spectra of the more\nabundant elements in the interval 14 :<; Z :<; 30 at\nenergies 0.8 :<; E:<; 10 GeV/nucleon. These spectra will give a sensitive test of the hypothesis that microquasars\nor other sources could superpose spectral features on the otherwise smooth energy spectra previously measured with less statistical accuracy. Super-TIGER builds on the heritage of the smaller TIGER, which produced the first well-resolved measurements of elemental abundances of the elements s1Ga, s2Ge, and 34Se. We present the Super-TIGER\ndesign, schedule, and progress to date, and discuss the relevance of UH measurements to cosmic-ray origins.", "publisher": "Department of High Energy Physics, University of Lodz", "publication_date": "2009-07" }, { "id": "authors:wns4n-q8s48", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wns4n-q8s48", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140617-164044646", "type": "book_section", "title": "The Cosmic Ray \u00b3He/\u2074He Ratio from 0.2 to 3.6 GeV/nucleon", "author": [ { "family_name": "Reimer", "given_name": "O.", "clpid": "Reimer-O" }, { "family_name": "Barbier", "given_name": "L. M.", "clpid": "Barbier-L-M" }, { "family_name": "Christian", "given_name": "E. R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2134-3937", "clpid": "Christian-Eric-R" }, { "family_name": "Davis", "given_name": "A. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9922-8915", "clpid": "Davis-Andrew-J" }, { "family_name": "Golden", "given_name": "R. L.", "clpid": "Golden-R-L" }, { "family_name": "Hof", "given_name": "M.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2884-3037", "clpid": "Hof-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Krombel", "given_name": "K. E.", "clpid": "Krombel-K-E" }, { "family_name": "Labrador", "given_name": "A. W.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9178-5349", "clpid": "Labrador-Allan-W" }, { "family_name": "Menn", "given_name": "W.", "clpid": "Menn-W" }, { "family_name": "Mewaldt", "given_name": "R. A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2178-9111", "clpid": "Mewaldt-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Mitchell", "given_name": "J. W.", "clpid": "Mitchell-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Ormes", "given_name": "J. F.", "clpid": "Ormes-J-F" }, { "family_name": "Rasmussen", "given_name": "I. L.", "clpid": "Rasmussen-I-L" }, { "family_name": "Schindler", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Schindler-Stephen-M" }, { "family_name": "Simon", "given_name": "M. I.", "clpid": "Simon-M-I-Astro" }, { "family_name": "Stochaj", "given_name": "S. J.", "clpid": "Stochaj-S-J" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "E. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2010-5462", "clpid": "Stone-E-C" }, { "family_name": "Streitmatter", "given_name": "R. E.", "clpid": "Streitmatter-R-E" }, { "family_name": "Webber", "given_name": "W. R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9238-9145", "clpid": "Webber-William-R" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Iucci", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Iucci-M" }, { "family_name": "Lamanna", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Lamanna-E" } ], "abstract": "The abundances of cosmic ray helium isotopes between 0.2 and 3.6 GeV/n were measured by the IMAX balloon-borne magnet spectrometer during a flight in Canada in July, 1992. A high-resolution time-of-flight system and two silica-aerogel Cherenkov counters were used in conjunction with a drift chamber/MWPC-tracking system to determine mass by means of the velocity vs. magnetic rigidity technique.", "publisher": "Caltech Library", "publication_date": "1995-09" } ]