[ { "id": "authors:t3vag-en810", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t3vag-en810", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t3vag-en810", "type": "conference_item", "title": "Innovations and advances in instrumentation at the W. M. Keck Observatory, vol. III", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kassis", "given_name": "Marc F." }, { "family_name": "Alvarez", "given_name": "Carlos" }, { "family_name": "Baker", "given_name": "Ashley D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6525-7013", "clpid": "Baker-Ashley-D" }, { "family_name": "Bailey", "given_name": "John I." }, { "family_name": "Banyal", "given_name": "Ravinder K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0799-969X" }, { "family_name": "Bertz", "given_name": "Rob", "clpid": "Bertz-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Beichman", "given_name": "Charles A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5627-5471", "clpid": "Beichman-C-A" }, { "family_name": "Bouchez", "given_name": "Antonin H.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9954-4398" }, { "family_name": "Brown", "given_name": "Aaron M." }, { "family_name": "Brown", "given_name": "Matthew K." }, { "family_name": "Bundy", "given_name": "Kevin A." }, { "family_name": "Campbell", "given_name": "Randall D." }, { "family_name": "Chun", "given_name": "Mark R." }, { "family_name": "Cooke", "given_name": "Jeffrey" }, { "family_name": "Deich", "given_name": "William T." }, { "family_name": "Dekany", "given_name": "Richard G.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5884-7867", "clpid": "Dekany-Richard-G" }, { "family_name": "Doppmann", "given_name": "Greg" }, { "family_name": "Fassnacht", "given_name": "Christopher" }, { "family_name": "Ferrara", "given_name": "Jocelyn", "clpid": "Ferrara-Jocelyn" }, { "family_name": "Fitzgerald", "given_name": "Michael P." }, { "family_name": "Fremling", "given_name": "Christoffer", "orcid": "0000-0002-4223-103X" }, { "family_name": "Fucik", "given_name": "Jason R.", "clpid": "Fucik-Jason-R" }, { "family_name": "Gibson", "given_name": "Steven R.", "clpid": "Gibson-Steven-R" }, { "family_name": "Gillingham", "given_name": "Peter R." }, { "family_name": "Glazebrook", "given_name": "Karl" }, { "family_name": "Greffe", "given_name": "Timothee", "orcid": "0000-0003-4594-1827", "clpid": "Greffe-Timothee" }, { "family_name": "Halverson", "given_name": "Samuel P.", "clpid": "Halverson-Samuel-P" }, { "family_name": "Hill", "given_name": "Grant M." }, { "family_name": "Hillenbrand", "given_name": "Lynne A.", "clpid": "Hillenbrand-L-A" }, { "family_name": "Hinz", "given_name": "Philip M." }, { "family_name": "Holden", "given_name": "Bradford P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6153-3076" }, { "family_name": "Howard", "given_name": "Andrew W.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8638-0320", "clpid": "Howard-A-W" }, { "family_name": "Huber", "given_name": "Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Jones", "given_name": "Tucker A." }, { "family_name": "Jordan", "given_name": "Carolyn" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja J.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-N" }, { "family_name": "Kain", "given_name": "Isabel J." }, { "family_name": "Kasliwal", "given_name": "Mansi M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5619-4938", "clpid": "Kasliwal-M-M" }, { "family_name": "Kirby", "given_name": "Evan" }, { "family_name": "Konopacky", "given_name": "Quinn M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9936-6285" }, { "family_name": "Krishnan", "given_name": "Shanti" }, { "family_name": "Kulkarni", "given_name": "Shrinivas R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5390-8563", "clpid": "Kulkarni-S-R" }, { "family_name": "Kupke", "given_name": "Renate", "orcid": "0000-0002-5826-5314" }, { "family_name": "Lanclos", "given_name": "Kyle", "orcid": "0009-0004-0592-1850" }, { "family_name": "Larkin", "given_name": "James E." }, { "family_name": "Lilley", "given_name": "Scott J." }, { "family_name": "Lingvay", "given_name": "Larry", "clpid": "Lingvay-Larry" }, { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Jessica R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9611-0009" }, { "family_name": "Lyke", "given_name": "James E." }, { "family_name": "MacDonald", "given_name": "Nicholas" }, { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Christopher", "orcid": "0000-0002-8650-1644", "clpid": "Martin-D-Christopher" }, { "family_name": "Mather", "given_name": "John C." }, { "family_name": "Matuszewski", "given_name": "Mateusz", "clpid": "Matuszewski-Mateusz" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "McGurk", "given_name": "Rosalie C.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2064-4105" }, { "family_name": "Marin", "given_name": "Eduardo", "orcid": "0009-0009-6982-2137" }, { "family_name": "Meeks", "given_name": "Robert L." }, { "family_name": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given_name": "Maxwell A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233", "clpid": "Millar-Blanchaer-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Nash", "given_name": "Reston B.", "clpid": "Nash-Reston-B" }, { "family_name": "Neill", "given_name": "James D.", "clpid": "Neill-James-D" }, { "family_name": "O'Meara", "given_name": "John M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7893-1054" }, { "family_name": "Pahuja", "given_name": "Rishi", "clpid": "Pahuja-Rishi" }, { "family_name": "Peretz", "given_name": "Eliad" }, { "family_name": "Prusinski", "given_name": "Nikolaus", "orcid": "0000-0001-5847-7934", "clpid": "Prusinski-Nikolaus" }, { "family_name": "Radovan", "given_name": "Matthew V.", "clpid": "Radovan-Matthew-V" }, { "family_name": "Rider", "given_name": "Kodi A." }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Mitsuko K.", "clpid": "Roberts-Mitsuko-K" }, { "family_name": "Rockosi", "given_name": "Constance M." }, { "family_name": "Rubenzahl", "given_name": "Ryan", "orcid": "0000-0003-3856-3143", "clpid": "Rubenzahl-Ryan-Asa" }, { "family_name": "Sallum", "given_name": "Stephanie E." }, { "family_name": "Sandford", "given_name": "Dale" }, { "family_name": "Savage", "given_name": "Maureen L." }, { "family_name": "Skemer", "given_name": "Andrew J." }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Roger", "orcid": "0000-0001-7062-9726", "clpid": "Smith-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Steidel", "given_name": "Charles C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4834-7260", "clpid": "Steidel-C-C" }, { "family_name": "Steiner", "given_name": "Jonathan" }, { "family_name": "Stelter", "given_name": "Richard D.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4549-0210" }, { "family_name": "Walawender", "given_name": "Josh", "orcid": "0000-0002-6092-8295" }, { "family_name": "Westfall", "given_name": "Kyle B.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1809-6920" }, { "family_name": "Wizinowich", "given_name": "Peter L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" }, { "family_name": "Wright", "given_name": "Shelley A." }, { "family_name": "Wold", "given_name": "Truman" }, { "family_name": "Zimmer", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Zimmer-Jake-H" } ], "editor": [ { "family_name": "Vernet", "given_name": "Jo\u00ebl R." }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J." }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "Since the start of science operations in 1993, the twin 10-meter W. M. Keck Observatory (WMKO) telescopes have continued to maximize their scientific impact to produce transformative discoveries that keep the U.S. observing community on the frontiers of astronomical research. Upgraded capabilities and new instrumentation are provided though collaborative partnerships primarily with the Caltech and University of California instrument development teams and through additional collaborations with the University of Notre Dame, the University of Hawaii, Swinburne University of Technology, industry, and other organizations. This paper summarizes the status and performance of observatory infrastructure projects, technology upgrades, and new additions to the suite of observatory instrumentation. We also provide a status of instrumentation projects in early and advanced stages of development that will achieve the goals and objectives summarized in the 2023 Keck Observatory strategic plan. Developed in collaboration with the WMKO science community, the Keck strategic plan sets our sites on 2035 and meets goals identified in the Astro2020 Decadal Survey.", "doi": "10.1117/12.3016181", "isbn": "9781510675155", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2024-07-22" }, { "id": "authors:d4qsk-w7002", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "d4qsk-w7002", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d4qsk-w7002", "type": "conference_item", "title": "The Keck Wide Field Imager and deployable secondary mirror", "author": [ { "family_name": "Radovan", "given_name": "Matthew V." }, { "family_name": "Bertz", "given_name": "Rob", "clpid": "Bertz-Rob" }, { "family_name": "Cooke", "given_name": "Jeffrey", "orcid": "0000-0001-5703-2108" }, { "family_name": "Dekany", "given_name": "Richard", "orcid": "0000-0002-5884-7867", "clpid": "Dekany-Richard" }, { "family_name": "Delacroix", "given_name": "Alex", "clpid": "Delacroix-Alex" }, { "family_name": "Fucik", "given_name": "Jason R.", "clpid": "Fucik-Jason-R" }, { "family_name": "Gillingham", "given_name": "Peter R." }, { "family_name": "Krishnan", "given_name": "Shanti", "clpid": "Krishnan-Shanti" }, { "family_name": "Poole", "given_name": "Gregory", "orcid": "0000-0003-1777-7388" }, { "family_name": "Seikel", "given_name": "Ray" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Roger", "orcid": "0000-0001-7062-9726", "clpid": "Smith-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Suzuki", "given_name": "Nao" }, { "family_name": "Travouillon", "given_name": "Tony", "orcid": "0000-0001-9304-6718" }, { "family_name": "Huisman", "given_name": "Bas" }, { "family_name": "Bos", "given_name": "Arjo" } ], "editor": [ { "family_name": "Vernet", "given_name": "Jo\u00ebl R." }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J." }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "

The Keck Wide Field Imager (KWFI) is a 1-degree field of view imager optimized to take advantage of the UV performance of the W.M. Keck Observatory located atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The project is an international collaboration between Swinburne University, ANU, AAO-Macquarie, Caltech, UC Observatories, and W.M. Keck Observatory. KWFI fills the 8m-class capability gap for deep, blue wide-field imaging and rapid-response follow-up necessary for many science cases, including cosmic reionization, transient astronomy at all wavelengths and messengers, and space mission main science aims. The instrument has a high-throughput, UV-sensitive design with an all-fused silica 4-lens element corrector system that operates from 300 – 1000 nm and achieves 0.4\" 80% encircled energy diameter rms over the FOV within each photometric band. In 2022, we reported on the conceptual design of the imager that includes fast (~10 s) filter exchange of its 600 mm narrowband and broadband filters, fast (seconds) image processing and source identification, and CCD and CMOS detectors. More recently, the team has advanced the development of a Deployable Secondary Mirror (DM2), which will work with KWFI. The DM2 is a 1.4-meter lightweight, remotely deployable hexagonal secondary mirror to allow fast switching between KWFI and any Cassegrain or Nasmyth Instruments to enable rapid spectroscopic follow up of identified sources. We report here on the DM2 conceptual design, progress on the imager design, testing of the prototype filter exchange mechanism, and the interface of KWFI and the DM2 with the 30-year-old Keck Telescope.

", "doi": "10.1117/12.3019291", "isbn": "9781510675155", "publisher": "SPIE", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X", "publication_date": "2024-07-18", "pages": "130961P" }, { "id": "authors:gn5gn-t9r95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gn5gn-t9r95", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gn5gn-t9r95", "type": "conference_item", "title": "System design of the Keck Planet Finder", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X", "author": [ { "family_name": "Gibson", "given_name": "Steven R.", "clpid": "Gibson-Steven-R" }, { "family_name": "Howard", "given_name": "Andrew W.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8638-0320", "clpid": "Howard-A-W" }, { "family_name": "Rider", "given_name": "Kodi" }, { "family_name": "Halverson", "given_name": "Samuel P." }, { "family_name": "Roy", "given_name": "Arpita" }, { "family_name": "Baker", "given_name": "Ashley D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6525-7013", "clpid": "Baker-Ashley-D" }, { "family_name": "Edelstein", "given_name": "Jerry" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Christopher" }, { "family_name": "Fulton", "given_name": "Benjamin", "clpid": "Fulton-Benjamin-J" }, { "family_name": "Walawender", "given_name": "Josh", "orcid": "0000-0002-6092-8295" }, { "family_name": "Brodheim", "given_name": "Max" }, { "family_name": "Brown", "given_name": "Matthew" }, { "family_name": "Chan", "given_name": "Dwight" }, { "family_name": "Dai", "given_name": "Fei" }, { "family_name": "Deich", "given_name": "William" }, { "family_name": "Gottschalk", "given_name": "Colby" }, { "family_name": "Grillo", "given_name": "Jason" }, { "family_name": "Hale", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Hale-David" }, { "family_name": "Hill", "given_name": "Grant" }, { "family_name": "Holden", "given_name": "Bradford P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6153-3076" }, { "family_name": "Householder", "given_name": "Aaron" }, { "family_name": "Isaacson", "given_name": "Howard" }, { "family_name": "Ishikawa", "given_name": "Yuzo" }, { "family_name": "Jelinsky", "given_name": "Sharon" }, { "family_name": "Kassis", "given_name": "Marc F." }, { "family_name": "Kaye", "given_name": "Stephen", "clpid": "Kaye-Stephen" }, { "family_name": "Laher", "given_name": "Russ", "orcid": "0000-0003-2451-5482", "clpid": "Laher-R-R" }, { "family_name": "Lanclos", "given_name": "Kyle", "orcid": "0009-0004-0592-1850" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Chien-Hsiu", "orcid": "0000-0003-1700-5740" }, { "family_name": "Lilley", "given_name": "Scott" }, { "family_name": "McCarney", "given_name": "Benjamin" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Tim" }, { "family_name": "Payne", "given_name": "Joel" }, { "family_name": "Petigura", "given_name": "Erik" }, { "family_name": "Poppett", "given_name": "Claire" }, { "family_name": "Raffanti", "given_name": "Mike" }, { "family_name": "Rubenzahl", "given_name": "Ryan", "orcid": "0000-0003-3856-3143", "clpid": "Rubenzahl-Ryan-Asa" }, { "family_name": "Sandford", "given_name": "Dale" }, { "family_name": "Schwab", "given_name": "Christian", "orcid": "0000-0002-4046-987X" }, { "family_name": "Shaum", "given_name": "Abby P.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3133-6837", "clpid": "Shaum-Abby-P" }, { "family_name": "Sirk", "given_name": "Martin M." }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Roger", "orcid": "0000-0001-7062-9726", "clpid": "Smith-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Thorne", "given_name": "Jim" }, { "family_name": "Valliant", "given_name": "John" }, { "family_name": "Vandenberg", "given_name": "Adam" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Cindy", "clpid": "Wang-Cindy" }, { "family_name": "Wishnow", "given_name": "Edward" }, { "family_name": "Wold", "given_name": "Truman" }, { "family_name": "Yeh", "given_name": "Sherry", "orcid": "0000-0002-4037-3114" }, { "family_name": "Baca", "given_name": "Steve" }, { "family_name": "Beichman", "given_name": "Charles A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5627-5471", "clpid": "Beichman-C-A" }, { "family_name": "Berriman", "given_name": "Bruce", "orcid": "0000-0001-8388-534X", "clpid": "Berriman-Bruce" }, { "family_name": "Brown", "given_name": "Thomas" }, { "family_name": "Casey", "given_name": "Kelleen" }, { "family_name": "Chin", "given_name": "Jason" }, { "family_name": "Chong", "given_name": "James" }, { "family_name": "Cowley", "given_name": "David" }, { "family_name": "Devenot", "given_name": "Mark" }, { "family_name": "Elwir", "given_name": "Hamza" }, { "family_name": "Finstad", "given_name": "Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Fraysse", "given_name": "Matthew" }, { "family_name": "James", "given_name": "Ean" }, { "family_name": "Jhoti", "given_name": "Elisha" }, { "family_name": "Killian", "given_name": "Joe" }, { "family_name": "Levine", "given_name": "Obie" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Adela" }, { "family_name": "Marin", "given_name": "Eduardo", "orcid": "0009-0009-6982-2137" }, { "family_name": "Milner", "given_name": "Steven" }, { "family_name": "Nance", "given_name": "Craig" }, { "family_name": "O'Hanlon", "given_name": "Timothy", "clpid": "O'Hanlon-Timothy-J" }, { "family_name": "Orr", "given_name": "Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Ortiz-Soto", "given_name": "Roberto" }, { "family_name": "Payne", "given_name": "Tom" }, { "family_name": "Pember", "given_name": "Jacob" }, { "family_name": "Raskin", "given_name": "Gert" }, { "family_name": "Savage", "given_name": "Maureen" }, { "family_name": "Seifahrt", "given_name": "Andreas" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Brett" }, { "family_name": "Storesund", "given_name": "Rob" }, { "family_name": "St\u00fcrmer", "given_name": "Julian" }, { "family_name": "Suominen", "given_name": "Nick" }, { "family_name": "Tehero", "given_name": "Jerez" }, { "family_name": "Von Boeckmann", "given_name": "Tod" }, { "family_name": "Wages", "given_name": "Keith" }, { "family_name": "Weisfeiler", "given_name": "Marie" }, { "family_name": "Wilcox", "given_name": "Mavourneen" }, { "family_name": "Wizinowich", "given_name": "Peter", "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" }, { "family_name": "Wolfenberger", "given_name": "Anna" } ], "editor": [ { "family_name": "Vernet", "given_name": "Jo\u00ebl R." }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J." }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "The Keck Planet Finder (KPF) is a fiber-fed, high-resolution, echelle spectrometer that specializes in the discovery and characterization of exoplanets using Doppler spectroscopy. In designing KPF, the guiding principles were high throughput to promote survey speed and access to faint targets, and high stability to keep uncalibrated systematic Doppler measurement errors below 30 cm s\u22121. KPF achieves optical illumination stability with a tip-tilt injection system, octagonal cross-section optical fibers, a double scrambler, and active fiber agitation. The optical bench and optics with integral mounts are made of Zerodur to provide thermo-mechanical stability. The spectrometer includes a slicer to reformat the optical input, green and red channels (445\u2013600 nm and 600\u2013870 nm), and achieves a resolving power of \u223c97,000. Additional subsystems include a separate, medium-resolution UV spectrometer (383\u2013402 nm) to record the Ca II H K lines, an exposure meter for real-time flux monitoring, a solar feed for sunlight injection, and a calibration system with a laser frequency comb and etalon for wavelength calibration. KPF was installed and commissioned at the W. M. Keck Observatory in late 2022 and early 2023 and is now in regular use for scientific observations. This paper presents an overview of the as-built KPF instrument and its subsystems, design considerations, and initial on-sky performance.", "doi": "10.1117/12.3017841", "isbn": "9781510675162", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2024-07-18", "pages": "9" }, { "id": "authors:8mtg4-0q235", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8mtg4-0q235", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8mtg4-0q235", "type": "conference_item", "title": "Cryoscope Pathfinder: wide-field optical performance validation in the lab", "author": [ { "family_name": "Earley", "given_name": "Nicholas", "clpid": "Earley-Nicholas" }, { "family_name": "Fucik", "given_name": "Jason R.", "clpid": "Fucik-Jason-R" }, { "family_name": "Fahey", "given_name": "Lauren", "clpid": "Fahey-Lauren" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Mitsuko", "clpid": "Roberts-Mitsuko" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Roger", "orcid": "0000-0001-7062-9726", "clpid": "Smith-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Kasliwal", "given_name": "Mansi", "orcid": "0000-0002-5619-4938", "clpid": "Kasliwal-M-M" } ], "editor": [ { "family_name": "Vernet", "given_name": "Jo\u00ebl R." }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J." }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "

Cryoscope Pathfinder is a 16 deg2 field-of-view (FoV) infrared telescope, operating in the photometric Kdark bandpass (2.35-2.5 μm). With a plate scale of 7.1′′ per 18 μm pixel on a 2048×2048 Teledyne H2RG detector array, Cryoscope Pathfinder will be the widest and deepest near-infrared imager of its kind in the K-band. A spherical primary mirror is utilized but unlike classical Schmidt designs, Cryoscope employs two fused silica meniscus lenses located on either side of the entrance pupil whereas a Schmidt telescope uses two nearly flat aspheric plates of different glass material located at a distance equal to twice the focal length from the vertex of the primary mirror. An achromatic doublet tuned to the passband delivers a flat focal plane even at large FoV. The convex meniscus element can support atmospheric pressure, allowing the entire optical path to be evacuated and cooled to 80 K to reduce thermal self-emission in a design delivering two orders of magnitude greater FoV than existing ground-based infrared telescopes. We report room temperature performance measurements, which confirm that manufacturing and alignment errors do not significantly compromise the excellent wide-field performance predicted by optical models. Interferometry in a warm bench-test setup has demonstrated on- and off-axis Strehl of 0.95 in the operating bandpass of the telescope, with co-alignment errors within ±0.2 mm. Mechanical assembly of the cryostat is now underway. Cold tests will then assess the performance of the system under vacuum and measure the thermal self-emission by capping the entrance aperture with a narcissus mirror. On-sky tests at Caltech will then be used to demonstrate focus control and PSF image quality using bright star standards over the full FoV. Cryoscope Pathfinder will be deployed to Dome C, Antarctica in December 2024 where it will benefit from infrared sky brightnesses more than 30 times darker than at temperate latitudes.

", "doi": "10.1117/12.3020678", "isbn": "9781510675155", "publisher": "SPIE", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X", "publication_date": "2024-07-18", "pages": "130963M" }, { "id": "authors:5fjdm-0mg92", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5fjdm-0mg92", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5fjdm-0mg92", "type": "conference_item", "title": "Next generation low resolution Wide Field Multi-Object Optical Spectrometer for W.M. Keck Observatory", "author": [ { "family_name": "Fucik", "given_name": "Jason R.", "clpid": "Fucik-Jason-R" }, { "family_name": "Steidel", "given_name": "Charles C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4834-7260", "clpid": "Steidel-C-C" }, { "family_name": "Holden", "given_name": "Bradford P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6153-3076" }, { "family_name": "Dekany", "given_name": "Richard", "orcid": "0000-0002-5884-7867", "clpid": "Dekany-Richard" }, { "family_name": "Fahey", "given_name": "Lauren", "clpid": "Fahey-Lauren" }, { "family_name": "Ferrara", "given_name": "Jocelyn", "clpid": "Ferrara-Jocelyn" }, { "family_name": "Gibson", "given_name": "Steven R.", "orcid": "0009-0004-4454-6053", "clpid": "Gibson-Steven-R" }, { "family_name": "Greffe", "given_name": "Timothee", "orcid": "0000-0003-4594-1827", "clpid": "Greffe-Timothee" }, { "family_name": "Kassis", "given_name": "Marc F.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8414-8771" }, { "family_name": "Lingvay", "given_name": "Larry", "clpid": "Lingvay-Larry" }, { "family_name": "Nash", "given_name": "Reston B.", "clpid": "Nash-Reston-B" }, { "family_name": "Pahuja", "given_name": "Rishi", "orcid": "0000-0002-9542-6068", "clpid": "Pahuja-Rishi" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Roger", "orcid": "0000-0001-7062-9726", "clpid": "Smith-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Weber", "given_name": "Bob", "clpid": "Weber-Bob" }, { "family_name": "Zimmer", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Zimmer-Jake" } ], "editor": [ { "family_name": "Vernet", "given_name": "Jo\u00ebl R." }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J." }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "We present a concept design for a next generation low resolution, wide-field, optical imaging spectrometer intended to continue the legacy of LRIS as the premier workhorse optical spectrometer on the Keck I telescope, which we notionally call LRIS-2. The original LRIS continues to be used an average of more than 100 nights per year while maintaining a remarkably high publication rate, neither of which shows any signs of diminishing with time. Nevertheless, LRIS was commissioned \u223c30 years ago, and its opto-mechanical design and aging mechanisms preclude further improvements in its stability and reliability. This paper presents the conceptual design of a state-of-the-art instrument combining the core capabilities and scientific versatility of LRIS with substantial improvements in throughput, image quality, stability, and on-sky efficiency. In this paper, we present a concept for a versatile imaging spectrometer with an on-axis field of view of 10\u2032\u00d75\u2032 in two simultaneous wavelength channels that together cover 3100 \u2013 10,300\u00c5 at R\u223c1500 in a single exposure, with a multiplex factor of 70. The optical design delivers total spectroscopic throughput close to 60%, a gain over the current LRIS of 30-100%. The design is able to benefit from significant engineering heritage from LRIS-B, KCWI, KCRM, and TMT-WFOS projects.", "doi": "10.1117/12.3020284", "isbn": "9781510675155", "publisher": "SPIE", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X", "publication_date": "2024-07-18", "pages": "130968Z" }, { "id": "authors:9qza3-jx928", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9qza3-jx928", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9qza3-jx928", "type": "conference_item", "title": "High dynamic range techniques for astronomical applications of CMOS devices", "author": [ { "family_name": "Earnshaw", "given_name": "Hannah P.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5857-5622", "clpid": "Earnshaw-Hannah-P" }, { "family_name": "Greffe", "given_name": "Timothee", "orcid": "0000-0003-4594-1827", "clpid": "Greffe-Timothee" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Roger M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7062-9726", "clpid": "Smith-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Grefenstette", "given_name": "Brian W.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1984-2932", "clpid": "Grefenstette-B-W" }, { "family_name": "Harrison", "given_name": "Fiona A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2992-8024", "clpid": "Harrison-F-A" }, { "family_name": "Hennessy", "given_name": "John J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0135-0219", "clpid": "Hennessy-John-J" }, { "family_name": "Nikzad", "given_name": "Shouleh", "orcid": "0009-0004-1255-1018", "clpid": "Nikzad-Shouleh" }, { "family_name": "Shapiro", "given_name": "Charles A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4405-0013", "clpid": "Shapiro-Charles-A" } ], "editor": [ { "family_name": "Holland", "given_name": "Andrew D." }, { "family_name": "Beletic", "given_name": "James" } ], "abstract": "

We present an approach for improving the effective well depth of a CMOS detector for use on a UV space telescope by using a combination of two techniques: a dual-gain readout mode and the use of a multi-exposure HDR algorithm. Non-destructive readout of the detector in a high-gain and a low-gain mode optimizes the dynamic range of a single exposure by taking advantage of the low read noise of the first mode and the high well depth of the second. The dynamic range can be further extended by the addition of a second, shorter exposure to probe the saturated regions of the initial exposure. We find that, for simulations of an SRI CMOS imager we are testing, its initial sensitivity to ~3 orders of magnitude in flux can be improved to a dynamic range of over 5.5 orders of magnitude (equivalent to a difference of ~14 AB magnitudes) by the combination of a 300 second dual-gain exposure and a 3 second low-gain exposure, with a low overhead in additional read time and computational complexity.

", "doi": "10.1117/12.2630367", "isbn": "9781510653634", "publisher": "SPIE", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication": "X-Ray, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy X", "publication_date": "2022-08-29", "pages": "121910G" }, { "id": "authors:3hepa-3tr53", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3hepa-3tr53", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3hepa-3tr53", "type": "conference_item", "title": "Conceptual design of the Keck Wide Field Imager (KWFI)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Radovan", "given_name": "Matthew V." }, { "family_name": "Bertz", "given_name": "Robert", "clpid": "Bertz-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Cooke", "given_name": "Jeff", "orcid": "0000-0001-5703-2108" }, { "family_name": "Dekany", "given_name": "Richard", "orcid": "0000-0002-5884-7867", "clpid": "Dekany-Richard" }, { "family_name": "Delacroix", "given_name": "Alex", "clpid": "Delacroix-Alex" }, { "family_name": "Fucik", "given_name": "Jason R.", "clpid": "Fucik-Jason-R" }, { "family_name": "Gillingham", "given_name": "Peter R." }, { "family_name": "Krishnan", "given_name": "Shanti" }, { "family_name": "Poole", "given_name": "Gregory", "orcid": "0000-0003-1777-7388" }, { "family_name": "Seikel", "given_name": "Ray" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Roger", "orcid": "0000-0001-7062-9726", "clpid": "Smith-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Suzuki", "given_name": "Nao" }, { "family_name": "Travouillon", "given_name": "Tony", "orcid": "0000-0001-9304-6718" } ], "editor": [ { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Christopher J." }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J." }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "

The Keck Wide Field Imager (KWFI) is a 1-degree field of view imager optimized to take advantage of the superb UV performance of the W.M. Keck Observatory (WMKO) located atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The project is an international collaboration between Swinburne University, ANU Macquarie University, Caltech, UC Observatories, and W.M Keck Observatory. KWFI is an all-fused silica 4-lens element corrector that operates over u,g,r,i, and z photometric bands from 300 – 1000 nm where the design achieves 0.5\" 80% encircled energy diameter rms over the FOV within each photometric band. The KWFI collaboration is completing an 18-month conceptual design phase and is preparing to issue the most critical, long-lead-time procurements to address the critical path to first-light operations, following a public/private fundraising model. Our technically paced schedule, driven by corrector lens figuring, is expected to culminate in KWFI First Light in Summer 2027. We report here on the instrument concept and the progress towards a significant new capability for the WMKO.

", "doi": "10.1117/12.2630502", "isbn": "9781510653498", "publisher": "SPIE", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IX", "publication_date": "2022-08-29", "pages": "121840N" }, { "id": "authors:kdqcm-7cn31", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kdqcm-7cn31", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kdqcm-7cn31", "type": "conference_item", "title": "The optical design for Cryoscope: a wide-field NIR telescope with low thermal emission", "author": [ { "family_name": "Fucik", "given_name": "Jason", "clpid": "Fucik-Jason" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Roger", "orcid": "0000-0001-7062-9726", "clpid": "Smith-R-M" } ], "editor": [ { "family_name": "Marshall", "given_name": "Heather K." }, { "family_name": "Spyromilio", "given_name": "Jason" }, { "family_name": "Usuda", "given_name": "Tomonori" } ], "abstract": "

We present the optical design for Cryoscope, a 0.26 m aperture telescope that is a f/2 objective operating over the photometric K band (1.99 to 2.55 μm) with diffraction limited imaging. It has a 16 deg2 FoV with a 7.1′′/pix plate scale on a 2048×2048 18 μm/pixel Teledyne H2RG detector array. The objective is a catadioptric design incorporating two thin fused silica meniscus lenses near the entrance aperture, a spherical primary mirror, and a doublet immediately in front of the detector to flatten the image surface. The design solution is capable of delivering diffraction limited images over a 10° field diameter at f/1.25 in the NIR. The use of fused silica for the first two lens elements allows the design to be used for a broad range of applications from the vacuum ultraviolet to thermal IR with only re-optimization of the field flattening doublet. In the VUV (185 to 300 nm) the design is no longer diffraction limited, but can still be made to be pixel limited with detector arrays having pixels as small as 10 μm. The design provides a compact, wide field, and fast objective that can scale to a 1 m-class telescope and offers several benefits over a classical Schmidt telescope. The convex fused silica meniscus lens is strong enough to serve as a vacuum window allowing the entire optical path to be cryogenically cooled to maintain low thermal emission while delivering two orders of magnitude larger field of view than previous ground-based designs for the thermal infrared.

", "doi": "10.1117/12.2630557", "isbn": "9781510653450", "publisher": "SPIE", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication": "Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes IX", "publication_date": "2022-08-29", "pages": "121823N" } ]